Adsız paul auster: Leviathan ve New York Uclemesi Travenian: Sibumi ve Katya'nin yazi D.H. Lawrence:Dorian Gray'in portresi Pinar Kur: Kucuk Oyuncu, Yarin yarin Buket Uzuner: 'İki kucuk susamuru, anneleri,babalari, sevgilileri ve digerleri' ve 'bir siyah sacli kadinin gezi notlari' Ayse Kulin: sevdalinka, fureya jerzy kosinski: boyali kus Agatha Cristie: 10 kucuk zenci Charkes:Dickens: iki sehrin hikayesi dostoyevski: suc ve Ceza Milan Kundera: Olumsuzluk ve yasam baska yerde Franz Kafka: donusum Patrick Suskind: koku Jack Kerouac: Yolda Thomas Moore: utopya.
Mar 5, 2011 - Your web server should be able to read all of the files but not write to them. If your site involves uploading files then give the server permission.
That page like so many is very long and confusing. But it contains this post by Jason, who hit the nail on the head: Posted by Jason Sale on November 1, 2010 at 12:40pm Thanks for writing this and everything, but all that I and 99% of people reading this page really want is a list of numbers next to a list of folders. /default on 755.
/default/files including all subfolders and files on 744 (or 755). /default/themes including all subfolders and files on 755. /default/modules including all subfolders and files on 755. /default/settings.php and /default/default.settings.php on 444.
Of the Drupal docs! And that's why it needs to be changed to something simple & understandable immediately! Especially when it comes to security. JUST BECAUSE it's about security!
Because it belongs to all of us. An infected server is not only a problem of the unexperienced Drupal user. It's a problem of all of us then. So it isn't very helpful to keep up complex & badly written docs inspired by developers narcissm to show off complexity & intricacy and how good theirself can handle it. I don't see the point for leaving out a simple file permissions tree graphic. Webchick aggrees on that.
– Nov 14 '14 at 1:06. My practice around creating a new Drupal site on a server is to have a user that is a part of the web server (typically Apache) group, and have that user own all the Drupal files.
On Ubuntu, these are the commands to get that set up: # Create a new example user, setting up /var/www/example as their home dir. Useradd -s /bin/bash -d /var/www/example -m example # Now add that user to the Apache group. On Ubuntu/Debian this group is usually # called www-data, on CentOS it's usually apache. Usermod -a -G www-data example # Set up a password for this user. Passwd example Once I have that set up, I'll log in as that user and install Drupal at /var/www/example/docroot or similar, and then create the files directory by hand and copy over the settings.php file. Since we log in as our example user before copying in Drupal, our file ownership and permissions should automatically be properly configured on all the core Drupal files and scripts (including.htaccess files).
Su - example cd docroot cp sites/default/default.settings.php sites/default/settings.php # Temporarily give the web server write permissions to settings.php chgrp www-data sites/default/settings.php chmod g+w sites/default/settings.php Now let's set up the files directory. # Create the directory.
Mkdir sites/default/files # Now set the group to the Apache group.R means recursive, and -v means # verbose mode. Chgrp -Rv www-data sites/default/files Next we'll set up permissions so that the web server can always write to any file that is in this directory. We do this by using 2775 in our chmod command.
The 2 means that the group id will be preserved for any new files created in this directory. What that means is that www-data will always be the group on any files, thereby ensuring that web server and the user will both always have write permissions to any new files that are placed in this directory. The first 7 means that the owner (example) can R (Read) W (Write) and X (Execute) any files in here. The second 7 means that group (www-data) can also R W and X any files in this directory. Finally, the 5 means that other users can R and X files, but not write. Chmod 2775 sites/default/files If there are any existing files in this directory, be sure the web server has write perms on them.
Chmod g+w -R sites/default/files Now Drupal is ready to be installed. When finished, it is VERY important to come back to settings.php and ensure that all users only have read permissions. Chmod 444 sites/default/settings.php That's it! This set up ensures you avoid any situations where either the user that owns the directory or the web server can't write/change/remove files in the files directory. The Drupal files folder should be writable by the webserver. The safest way to do that is to change the group and make it group writable, like this: chgrp www-data sites/default/files chmod g+w sites/default/files The file upload folder aside, the safest is chmod 644 for all files, 755 for directories.
This could be accomplished like this (when run in the Drupal-site folder, the. Is for current path): find.type f xargs chmod 644 find.type d xargs chmod 755 Remember that you will need to set chmod g+w again after running the above command, since those will reset the chmod on all files and folders. I will reply considering the case the files are created on the server using FTP, using credentials different from the one under which is the web server runs (normally, Apache runs as nobody/nobody). This means that the user who owns the files manually created before running the Drupal installer (which includes also the files uploaded on the server from the Drupal archive) is not the user used to run the web server (neither the username or the group matches). This scenario applies also to the case where those files are created using SSH. The settings.php file must be writable from the Drupal installer, but once the installation is done it is suggested to make it read-only (the installer suggest that, and Drupal will periodically check if the file is really read-only). In the scenario I am describing, the permission of this file should at least be 644.
The.htaccess files (which are present in at least two places) should have the permission 644. The user who created the file should still be able to overwrite the file, in the case a next version of Drupal comes with an.htaccess file that has been updated (it happened already once, when it has been added a line to that file to avoid a security issue). It is also possible to set the permissions to 444, but in that case, the permissions should be changed back to 644 when the file needs to be updated. The directory containing the files created by the modules (the default/files directory) must be (for the user that is assigned to the web server processes, which is then the user assigned to to the PHP scripts running on that web server):. readable. writable.
traversable (the modules must be able to reach default/files//).